Significantly Reduce Start Up Times
Save significant “Dollars” Per Start in Short Term Marginal Costs
So, over a period specially designed OTC valve, can save on down time and the cost on parts
Save $1000’s Per Start In Short Term Marginal Costs
So over a period of 4 years, what I expect based on the data we received from an installation where we have installed the specially designed OTC valve, we can save approx. $50,000 = (parts only)
WHAT IS A ONCE THROUGH COOLER
The Majority of gas turbines require cooling of the main power turbine blades and vanes. To cool the turbine blades, compressed air is tapped off from the compressor part of the gas turbine, the compressed air is then cooled in a Once Through Cooler (OTC).
The OTC is a heat exchanger, with hot air on the shell side and water/ steam as refrigerant on the tube side.
The feed water, which is taken from the economizer of the HRSG, flows through the OTC and cools down the hot (compressed) air. It is evaporated and superheated when leaving the cooler. This steam is fed back into the HRSG superheater.
The cooled air is used to cool down the blades of the turbine (film cooling) and to heat up the combustion chamber. As the cooling of the turbine blades is crucial for the gas turbine it is of the highest importance that the outlet
temperature of the air coming out of the OTC is controlled within a margin of only a few degrees.
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH OEM SUPPLIED OTC VALVES
Seat / trim wear- Poor position control at low flow
- Speed of response
Original supplied OTC valves are often valves with a staggered disc trim. This trim construction is based on a staggered pile of disks, all individually having channels (see picture) with a multi-stage pressure reduction, controlled by a plug moving up and down within the disk stack. Stroking of the plug is opening or closing individual discs giving more or less flow.
THE SOLUTION—DESIGN A SPECIFIC VALVE
A multi-stage cascade valve, 5+1 up to 7+1 stage pressure reduction (depending on max differential pressure (dp) with 3 mm dead stroke and flow direction on the plug. This first part of the stroke gives the valve the time to overcome hysteresis and to “activate” all the stages in the trim before the real control function begins.
The cascade trim is a proven design multi-stage pressure reduction, capable of continuously reducing an increasing or decreasing mass flow. With flow on the plug and Kv values per stage matching the flow demand, cavitation cannot occur and flashing is removed from the seat area to the outlet of the trim where wear is not affecting the function and leakage class of the trim. The plug design makes this trim less sensitive to magnetite and particles compared with a staggered disc trim.
FEATURES
- 5 to 7 controlled pressure reduction stages
- Full control over total stroke
- No seat hammering
- No cavitation
- Flashing away from the seat area
- Less sensitive to magnetite
- No stepping
ADVANTAGES
- Stable start-up
- Reduction in start-up time (filling the OTC / flame on phase)
- Strong reduction in GT trips during start up (longer maintenance interval GT)
COST BENEFITS
Cost savings are based on reduced time to start the GT (ignition phase). In current installations we have seen an improvement of about 15 to 20 minutes.
- Phase one: get the water level right in the OTC
- Phase two: constant air outlet temperature to the GT combustion chamber and first GT vane rows
- Phase three: transition to PID controller
Saving 15 to 20 minutes in start up time is a direct saving on gas and is a quicker delivery of energy/power to the grid.
Let’s say an installation with one GT and one HRSG, total capacity 450 MW (typical for a GT26 installation)
15 minutes is: 0.25 x 450 = 112.5 MWh
In the UK the rate which is used for the Capacity Auction Market is around GBP 20 / MWh. However in case power is required by the grid, rates can vary between GBP 50 to 900 per MWh.
Based on GBP 20/MWh an installation can make 112.5 x 20 = GBP 2,250 more with each start (quicker on the grid)
Based on GBP 50 /MWh an installation can make 112.5 x 50= GBP 5,625 more with each start.
Maintenance
Instead of replacing an expensive trim every year (some installation each half year) we have an maintenance interval of at least 3 years and most likely much longer.
Typical cost for a staggered disc trim from the GT26 OEM is GBP 30,000
Typical cost for a complete spare set for an OTC valve is GBP 18,000